immigrant experience

The Ratner family became established in the Fifth Ward of Albany, N.Y. Abe bottled soda water and Rose nurtured a brood of children.

Abe Blokh became Abe Ratner to get out of Russia. With his young wife and her mother, they voyaged from Bremen to Leeds and finally to New York.

Joseph and Lena Rabinowitz were Russian immigrants who ran a corner grocery in Jewish Harlem. Their nine children were native Americans.