journal article

Wu suggested this work to visiting Japanese scientists. The footnote contains the best-available summary of the recent RR post-deadline paper.

Fermi introduces theory of beta decay, including supposition of the neutrino. Translation published by Fred L. Wilson in the American Journal of Physics, Dec. 1968.

Part 2 of the K-U modification for "forbidden" beta decay spectra. It led to the expectation of a tensor form in Gamow-Teller decays, which is what RR later confirmed. Later work proved both K-U and RR to be incorrect.

Theoretical overview of Fermi’s theory 10 years later

Theoretical basis for recoil experiments

Predecessor He-6 experiment

Invited paper at APS New York 1950 summarized Wu's beta-decay experimental work.

Determination of mixing ratios of F and GT, He6 and Ne19 are needed

Early paper by Morita cites Rustad-Ruby results one month after publication.

Cites significance of Rustad-Ruby result

Assumes validity of tensor result of Allen-Jentschke and Rustad-Ruby

Franklin pro-He6 citation 
Can't find 1955 citation,. It was collected in 1965 book but I don’t have text.

The classic He-6 recoil experiment by Rustad-Ruby

Earlier work by Ambler, Hudson and Temmer

1955 retrospective review of beta theory and experiment finds that He6 directional correlation experiment showing a tensor interaction is consistent with theory

1956 work by Ambler and Hudson of National Bureau of Standards

Danish beta decay experts review the likely coupling constants, citing RR as determining tensor coupling in GT transitions.

Note the three authors
. Rustad remained in the fold before and after the reversal of the Rustad-Ruby experiment. Schwarzchild would later collaborate with Wu on the Critical Examination report.

Finds that A35 is a suitable source for identifying the Fermi invariant in the beta- decay interaction by an angular correlation experiment. Later, such an experiment by Hammersfeld was a key piece of evidence in the RR reversal.

Marshak gives Sudarshan’s experimental review at Padua conference, calling for the He6 experiment to be redone. This paper is the basis for Sudarshan and Marshak's claim of priority over Feynman and Gell-Mann for the V–A theory.

Feynman calls for He6 experiment to be reviewed
Classic VA paper beat Marshak-Sudarshan to publication.

Experiment of He6 decay by Illinois team cites Rustad-Ruby He6 half-life calculation while reaching contradictory result.

Allen published two versions of the paper

Wu evaluates the history of “classical” (pre-parity) beta-decay experiments in this 1959 review.

Another He6 recoil setup in 1961 by the British researcher Ridley confirms axial vector interaction in GT decays.

Stan’s work at Soreq Research Establishment, Israel Atomic Energy Commission

Complete redo by Rustad and Joseph Vise in 1963.

Paper given at Argonne National Laboratory Specialists’ Workshop on Basic Research Needs for Nuclear Waste Management

Franklin's detailed study of theoretical errors in understanding of beta decay.

The life of a Columbia physics grad student in the 50s


Franklin's study of the K-U modification of the Fermi theory, and its eventual reversal—a theoretical error that preceded the RR experimental error in the history of beta decay research. 

First presented at the 4th Nassau Mössbauer Symposium, January 2006, and later published in the conference proceedings.

Franklin's argument against social constructionism in the scientific process uses the history of beta decay theory and experiment as a case study for empiricism. Despite a series of scientific errors, including RR, the underlying physical truth was finally revealed.